OpenStax Psychology 2e
Discovering Psychology Updated Edition
Episode 8 - Learning
This program discusses the basic principles of how we learn; classical, instrumental, and operant conditioning; and the role that stimuli and consequences play in learned behavior and habits.
Have you ever eaten something that made you sick?
You probably have been Classically Conditioned!
You probably have been Classically Conditioned!
Dairy Farmers Strawberry Milk
You probably have been Classically Conditioned!
You probably have been Classically Conditioned!
You probably have been Classically Conditioned!
Have you eaten it since?
We will explore this in our project later!
You probably have been Classically Conditioned!
Silver Dragees Sugar Cake Sprinkles
Famous Behaviorism Studies
Pavlov (1897)
published the results of an experiment on conditioning after originally studying digestion in dogs.
Watson (1913)
launches the behavioral school of psychology (classical conditioning), publishing an article, "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It".
Watson and Rayner (1920)
conditioned an orphan called Albert B (aka Little Albert) to fear a white rat.
Skinner (1936)
wrote "The Behavior of Organisms" and introduced the concepts of operant conditioning and shaping.
Classical Conditioning
What is Classical Conditioning?
Classical conditioning (also known as Pavlovian conditioning) involves forming an association between two stimuli resulting in a learned response. It was first studied by Ivan Pavlov in 1897.
How to train a dog
Ding...Ding!
Classical Conditioning as told by Frasier Crane
What if the Balloon was blue?
Operant Conditioning
What is Operant Conditioning?
Operant Conditioning is a method of learning that employs rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence (whether negative or positive) for that behavior.
The 4 Quadrants of Operant Conditioning
Reinforcement and Punishment can be both
Positive (+) and Negative (-)
Positive (+) you add something
Negative (-) you take something away
Operant Conditioning at work
Teach rats to drive cars?
The Big Bang Theory
Sheldon conditions Penny
